Breast Size
2. Breast examination & breast cancer
- Breast self-examination
- Symptoms of breast cancer
- Breast cancer risk factors
- Breast cancer prognosis
- Breast cancer awareness month
Breast Size & Mating associations
In the studies it was aimed to extend knowledge on the relationships between breast size and some mating-relevant characteristics and on the perception of women in relation to their breast size.
First study encompassed 163 young women and aimed to establish actual correlates of breast size. The aim of the second study was to determine preferences and stereotypes related to breast size: 252–265 women and men evaluated female digital figures varying in, among other characteristics, breast size.
Large-breasted women were of similar attractiveness to women with average breasts and much more attractive than females with a small bust. Women and men perceived breasts in a similar way to each other: the bigger the breasts the higher the reproductive efficiency, lactational efficiency, sexual desire, and promiscuity attributed to the woman.
Big-breasted women were perceived as less faithful and less intelligent than women with average or small breasts.
Attribution of sexual permissiveness to large-breasted women is an incorrect stereotype since openness to casual sex proved to be unrelated to breast size. Men who seek short-term relationships should be aware that a large bust is not a cue to a woman’s promiscuity. There also exist strong stereotypes associating breast size with reproductive and, particularly, lactational efficiency even though any real relationships between these traits are uncertain.
Studies were carried out in one of the so-called WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) societies.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7058577/
Breast firmness is of greater importance for women's attractiveness than breast size
Reasearch showed that both men and women preferred breasts of average or slightly above-average size and high or extreme firmness. Glandular ptosis was as important for attractiveness as breast size, but true ptosis was of much greater importance. Men preferred slightly bigger breasts than women.
Breast cancer risk factors
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, accounting for more than 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses each year.
Breast cancer evolves silently, and most disease is discovered on routine screening.
Identifying factors associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer development is important in general health screening for women.
Risk factors for breast cancer can be divided into 7 broad categories:
- AGE: The age-adjusted incidence of breast cancer continues to increase with the advancing age of the female population.
- GENDER: Most breast cancers occur in women.
- PERSONAL HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER: A history of cancer in one breast increases the likelihood of a second primary cancer in the contralateral breast.
- Histologic risk factors: Histologic abnormalities diagnosed by breast biopsy constitute an important category of breast cancer risk factors. These abnormalities include lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and proliferative changes with atypia.
- THE FAMILY HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER AND GENETIC RISK FACTORS: First-degree relatives of patients with breast cancer have a 2-fold to 3-fold excess risk for developing the disease. Five percent to 10% of all breast cancer cases are due to genetic factors, but they may account for 25% of cases in women younger than 30 years. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the 2 most important genes responsible for increased breast cancer susceptibility.
- REPRODUCTIVE RISK FACTORS: Reproductive milestones that increase a woman’s lifetime estrogen exposure are thought to increase her breast cancer risk. These include:
- the onset of menarche before 12 years of age,
- first live childbirth after age 30 years,
- nulliparity, and
- menopause after age 55 years.
- EXOGENOUS HORMONE USE: Therapeutic or supplemental estrogen and progesterone are taken for various conditions, with the two most common scenarios being contraception in premenopausal women and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
Breast Cancer Prognosis
The prognosis of early breast cancer is quite good.
Stage 0 and stage I both have a 100% 5-year survival rate.
The 5-year survival rate of stage II and stage III breast cancer is about 93% and 72%, respectively.
When the disease spreads systemically, its prognosis worsens dramatically. Only 22% of stage IV breast cancer patients will survive their next 5 years.
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